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Optimal monazite concentration processes for the extraction of uranium and thorium fuel material

The optimal conditions for the nitric acid dissolution of precipitates of hydroxides and hydrated oxides of rare-earth elements, uranium, and thorium obtained after autoclave alkaline opening of samples of monazite concentrate have been determined. The distribution of radioactive impurities between the solid phase and the solution in the processes of alkaline opening, dephosphorization, and acid dissolution of the pulp was studied. Two options are proposed for the extraction of uranium and th...

Low-temperature thermoelectric properties of p-type and n-type filled skutterudite compounds Sm y (Fe1−x Ni x )4Sb12 prepared under high pressure

Filled skutterudite compounds Smy(Fe1−xNix)4Sb12 (nominal composition 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.56, 0.1 ⩽ y ⩽ 1.2) were synthesized under high pressure using a cubic anvil press. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and electron probe microanalyzer. Thermoelectric properties of Smy(Fe1−xNix)4Sb12 were investigated in the temperature range of 2–300 K. The Seebeck coefficient of samples exhibits the feature of p-type and n-t...

The fox and the hound: In-depth and in-grain Na doping and Ga grading in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells

Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS) thin film solar cells require appropriate depth and lateral distributions of alkali metal dopants and gallium to attain world record photovoltaic energy conversion. The two requirements are interdependent because sodium is known to hamper In/Ga interdiffusion in polycrystalline films. However, such a fact is challenged by recent findings where sodium appears to enhance In/Ga interdiffusion in monocrystalline films. This contribution reviews closely the two cases to the...

An accurate inverse model for the detection of leaks in sealed landfills

Leaks from landfills to underlying soil layers are one of the main problems that endanger the sustainability of waste disposal in landfills. Indeed, the possible failing of in-situ equipment can give rise to serious pollution consequences or costly inspection work in the landfill body. In this paper, we develop the time dependent mathematical relationship between the concentration of water at the surface of the landfill and the flux at the bottom of the landfill. This makes it possible to det...

Three-pipeline gas grid: A new concept for power-to-gas associated with complete carbon capture and utilization

A three-pipeline gas grid is proposed, consisting of an empowerment of the existing natural gas distribution grid,by adding two additional pipelines conveying respectively oxygen and carbon dioxide. The aim is to serve the power-to-gas and advanced gas-to-power systems currently under development, making it is possible to transfer carbon from the methane to the carbon dioxide pipeline and vice versa, without ever releasing it into the atmosphere. In order to evaluate the feasibility of the co...

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