Le elezioni comunali di Parma (2011-2017): l'effetto Pizzarotti

The article describes the political evolution of the Italian Five Star Movement (FSM) at the local level (2009-2012) with a specific reference to the "Italian Stalingrad" i.e. the city of Parma. In the administrative elctions held in 2012 the FSM was able to get its first Major, Federico Pizzarotti, who was unexpectadly elected in the second round defeating the center left coalition. Secondly, the analysis of the 2012-2017 electoral campaigns will be described taken into consideration the political characteristics of all the competitiors and the main determinants of Pizzarotti's two electoral successes.