Pianificazione delle campagne e modernismo agricolo nell'Italia del Secondo Dopoguerra. Il caso studio della Riforma Agraria in Maremma (1950-65)

SUMMARY: Countryside planning and agricultural modernism in post-World War II Italy. The case study of the Agrarian Reform in Southern Tuscany (1950-65). – This paper approaches the Agrarian Reform scheme launched in Italy in 1951 and ended in 1965. Main attention is paid to the spatial analysis, of the planning projects of a new agroecosystem based on small farms and intensive management of environmental resources. Two limited areas in Southern Tuscany, the Cecina Valley and the Grosseto Plain, have been chosen as case studies. The work is grounded on the Ente Maremma historical archives, recently made accessible to scholars. The controversial debate on the Reform output has been faced using textual, statistic and cartographical source. This paper underlines that the Reform resulted in an increasing divergence between plains and hillymountain areas. In the broader context of Tuscan countryside, trends as rural exodus and land abandonment turn out to be consequences of precise strategies of the State rural and agricultural planning.