Analsi in vitro della citotossicità di differenti sistemi implantari in relazione al tipo di microtopografia di superficie

The modification processes of the implant surface morphology aim to reducing the times and improving the quality of osteointegration. Starting from the assumption that osteoblasts play a very important part during the osteointegration process, the purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate whether and how much the typology of the various implant surfaces and the different treatments that are used can change cytotoxicity and thus affect the growth of osteoblast cell cultures. For this investigation, eight important types were taken into consideration, as delivered by the manufacturers in form of implant screws (clinical use), and precisely: Branemark System (Nobel Biocare) (machine surface), Silhouette Screw (Biolok Intl Inc) (sandblasted surface), Ankylos (Dentsply/Friadent) (sandblasted surface), Osseotite (3i, Implant Innovation) (etched surface), Mac System (Cabon/Denit) (etched surface), Calcitek MP-1 (Sulzer Calcitek Inc) (HA surface), Pilot (Sweden&Martina) (oxidized surface), TiUnite (Nobel Biocare) (oxidized surface). The implants were tested according to the EN ISO 10993-5 standard, by means of the in vitro toxicity test (MTT test) using SaOS-2 osteoblasts, that is an immortalized cell line coming from human osteosarcoma, with an osteoblastic phenotype. All tested implant systems (according to clinical use) did not show any in vitro toxicity at all (statistically significant differences: p<0.05 with the positive control). It can be concluded that the surface treatment, despite the chemical modifications of titanium, does not affect the fixture cytotoxicity in vitro.