Teprotumumab. Anti-insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) monoclonal antibody, Treatment of thyroid eye disease

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), also known as thyroid eye disease, is the most common ocular manifestation in patients with Graves' disease. High-dose glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressive agents represent the most adopted treatment options for TAO; however, none of them has given optimal results in terms of clinical efficacy and safety. Teprotumumab is a novel, fully human insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitory monoclonal antibody developed for the management of TAO. A phase trial of teprotumumab showed promising results in terms of clinical efficacy and safety for treating TAO, and supported the drug's approval in the U.S. in January 2020, making it the first drug approved for this disease. In this review, we discuss teprotumumab's pharmacodynamics and its clinical efficacy, focusing also on its safety and tolerability profile.