A hybrid Petri net model for performance analysis of electric transit systems with fast battery charging

In the last decades, researchers, policy makers and, in general, the whole society, have devoted a growing attention to the environmental impact of traffic on air quality. In this framework, the electrification of Transit Systems (TS) can play a key factor in improving cities sustainability since it combines the good characteristics of collective transport systems (few vehicles for many users) and zero (local) emission electric powertrains. In this paper, an integrated Hybrid Petri Net (HPN) model able to represent both the traffic dynamics of buses traveling along a route, the effects of road congestion, and the dynamics of the battery levels in different scenarios is proposed with the end of providing a tool for the performances analysis of different implementations of electric TS. Some results concerning a realistic case study are discussed with the aim of showing the capabilities of the proposed model.