163 Ho distillation and implantation for the HOLMES experiment

The HOLMES experiment aims to directly measure the [Formula presented] mass with a calorimetric approach. The choice of 163 Ho isotope as source is driven by the very low decay Q-value ([Formula presented] 2.8 keV), which allows for high sensitivity with low activities (O(10[Formula presented])Hz/detector), thus reducing the pile-up probability. 163 Ho will be produced by neutron irradiation of 162 Er[Formula presented]O[Formula presented] then chemically separated; anyway, traces of others isotopes and contaminants will be still present. In particular [Formula presented]Ho has a beta decay ([Formula presented]1200y) which can induce background below 5 keV. The removal of the contaminants is critical so a dedicated system has been set up. It is designed to achieve an optimal mass separation @ 163 a.m.u. and consists of two main components: an evaporation chamber and an ion implanter. The first item is used to reduce Ho in metallic form providing a target for the ion implanter source. The implanter is made by the sputter source, an acceleration section, a magnetic dipole, a x–y scanning stage and a focusing electrostatic triplet. In this contribution we will describe the procedures for the Holmium “distillation” process and the status of the machine commissioning.