Responsive Web and Adaptive Web for Open and Ubiquitous Learning

Online educational processes make use of different tools and platforms through which learning resources can be shared and exchanged. Nowadays mobile platforms are gaining momentum and learners can experience mobile ubiquitous learning. This heterogeneity of resources and devices makes the design of e-learning content a relevant issue. In this direction, approaches to design websites and applications that are responsive and adaptive to different kinds of devices in different contexts is growing in importance. In this paper we analyze this issue and discuss both the responsive and the adaptive approaches to e-learning content design in the domain of language learning. Through an experimental evaluation, we will try to demonstrate that, given the nature of language learning, responsive web design approach alone seems not sufficient to provide an effective adaptation of content, especially of learning activities, to fit the device features, while adaptive techniques have better chances to