Combination therapy with methotrexate and cyclosporine A in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

To investigate the efficacy and safety of a combination therapy with methotrexate (MTX) and cyclosporine A (CyA) in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who were refractory to MTX as a single second-line agent.Seventeen consecutive patients with JIA who had refractory polyarthritis despite a minimum of 6 months of MTX as a single second-line agent at the dose of 15 to 25 mg/m2/week were continued with MTX with the addition of CyA (4 mg/kg/day) for 6 to 30 months (median 10 months) were analyzed. The clinical response to therapy was assessed through the preliminary definition of improvement in JIA.At the end of the treatment, as compared to the time when CyA was added to MTX, 8 patients (47\%) met the 30\% definition of improvement; among them 5 (29\%) met the 70\% definition of improvement, and 2 (12\%) achieved complete disease control. Seven patients (41\%) experienced side effects: 4 gastrointestinal discomfort, 1 liver transaminase elevation, and 2 increase > or = 30\% in the serum creatinine concentration. No patients was discontinued from combination therapy due to adverse events.In our JIA patients who were refractory to MTX as a single second-line agent, the addition of CyA was associated with a significant clinical improvement in roughly half of the patients.