Early warning response of Posidonia oceanica epiphyte community to environmental alterations (Ligurian Sea, NW Mediterranean).

The epiphyte community structure of the Posidonia oceanica leaves in three impacted meadows occurring in urbanised coastal areas was contrasted with that observed in three meadows located within Marine Protected Areas in the Ligurian Sea. Samplings were carried out in two distinct periods, at the beginning and at the end of the summer season, in order to individuate early changes in the epiphyte community structure. Differently from the descriptors commonly adopted for evaluating the health status of P. oceanica ecosystem, the epiphyte community structure was able to detect alterations in the water quality already after 4 months. The impacted meadows showed an immature epiphyte community characterised by large development of brown algae. Leaf P. oceanica epiphytes are, thus, proposed as appropriate biological quality elements (BQEs) able to show early responses to environmental alterations and they should be included in the monitoring programs for the conservation and the management of coastal areas