Principio di precauzione, proporzionalità ed azione cautelativa nel regime delle acque. Spunti per una ricostruzione (critica) del Sistema della gestione del rischio «sostenibile» a margine della sentenza del TSAP 31 marzo 2023, n. 73

The paper, starting from a recent ruling by the TSAP (Tribunale Superiore delle Acque Pubbliche), called to balance opposing interest, such as environmental, industrial, tourist-accommodation interests, in terms of regulating the water regime of the Lake Maggiore, carries out some broader critical considerations (in a constructive key) on the relationship between the precautionary principle and proportionality trying to focus on the crucial role of participation activity and a gradual and monitored approach. What emerges is a certainly articulated and complex structure in which the Judge, called to resolve conflicts in the management of an increasingly limited natural resource, tries to enhance a precautionary action that is modulated and adaptable to the scientific data available with the aim of reconciling opposing needs. In such an overall picture, the civil protection system seems (perhaps) once again capable of offering original solutions in line with the most recent jurisprudential indications, from a sustainable risk management perspective.