Transgender people's experiences of hospitalization: A qualitative metasynthesis

Aim: To identify, synthesize, and interpret the scientific literature on the experience, perspectives, and feelings of transgender people during hospitalization. Design: A qualitative metasynthesis. Data sources: PubMed, CINAHL and PSYCHINFO were consulted in March 2024. Methods: A literature review was conducted following Sandelowski and Barroso's four-step metasynthesis methodology. The article selection process was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were selected based on the objectives of the review, pre-established criteria and quality appraisal. A thematic analysis was conducted after extracting relevant quotations and a metasynthesis table was created to compare quotations and analyse overarching themes. Results: Twenty-two studies were included after screening titles and abstracts, full texts, and references. Three themes were identified: 'Perception of self-identity'; 'Misgendering' and 'Lack of staff training and awareness'. Conclusion: Transgender people's healthcare experiences during hospitalization were mainly negative, delayed or uncomfortable. Misgendering and lack of awareness of transgender issues among healthcare workers generated anxiety and frustration. Key aspects of care for transgender people need to be included in all training programs for health professionals. Implications for the profession and/or patient care: There is a need to increase education and awareness among healthcare professionals towards transgender people's needs during hospitalization ensure high quality care. Impact: This study addressed the negative experience, perspectives and feelings of transgender people during hospitalization. Misgendering and unawareness of transgender peoples' issues create anxiety and frustration among nurses. Elements to improve care for transgender people need to be integrated into all nursing curricula and training programs. Reporting method: The authors adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Patient or public contribution: Since this was a metasynthesis, no patient or public contribution was required.