Molecular characterization of the fibrillar collagens from Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847 and their biotechnological potential

The marine demosponge Chondrosia reniformis is considered a promising alternative source of collagen for biotechnological applications, particularly in the biomedical field. This doctoral research project focuses on the molecular characterization of fibrillar collagens derived from C. reniformis, the factors regulating their biosynthesis, and the exploration of innovative applications for this biomaterial. Five fibrillar collagen genes were identified within the sponge's genome and their expression patterns were assessed under physiological conditions. Notably, one gene exhibited distinct structural and locational expression features, suggesting the need for further investigation into its specific physiological roles. Moreover, it was demonstrated that photobiomodulation (PBM) at 810 nm significantly enhances collagen synthesis and accelerates wound healing in C. reniformis, suggesting potential applications of PBM in sponge mariculture to optimize collagen production. Finally, a novel application of C. reniformis collagen in producing 2D membranes for skin regenerative medicine was examined. These membranes exhibited biocompatibility, effective barrier properties, and the capability of being functionalized with collagenases, making them suitable for treating wounds and removing necrotic tissue. This study lays a comprehensive foundation for harnessing C. reniformis collagen's biotechnological potential. However, despite these findings, challenges remain for what concerns the sustainable production of this marine collagen. Future research aims to optimize aquaculture techniques and explore biomimetic applications to address sustainability concerns, promoting a more widespread employment for this marine biopolymer.