Lo spopolamento come causa della deterritorializzazione: il caso dell'Unione dei Comuni Barbagia

The mountain areas are characterized by multiple margins due to both the physical and morphological characteristics of the territory as well as lacking the anthropic dimension that distinguishes them. While the first political and legislative initiatives involving mountain areas were purely for welfare, since 1994, with the introduction of the Framework Law on the mountain, an important turnaround is manifested with planning actions aimed at a sustainable and active development of these places, in which both the degree of marginality and a more complete definition is recognized. The depopulation of the mountain areas means socio-economic consequences for the territory such as the cessation of rural activities that have always characterized the environment, traditions and lifestyle. At the root of depopulation there is an economic crisis that on one hand acts as a centrifugal force, but on the other leads to a new multi-territoriality, with migration to larger centres, therefore leading to the creation of other territorial contexts through the «displacement» of skills. In the case of the Union of the Muncipalities of Barbagia, the centrifugal forces causing de-anthropization are due to the demographic decline, the constant and inexorable increase in the old age index, which sees the workforce disappear and the dislocation of primary services such as schools and hospitals. The 2014-2020 programming cycle, aimed at curbing the depopulation of internal mountain areas, grants governments access to the necessary resources defined by the intervention policies within the SNAI (National strategy for internal areas), through the creation development projects to be implemented to alleviate the margins