How Italy has moved from anatomical studies in the sixteenth century to body donation in the twenty-first century

INTRODUCTION: The anatomical dissection plays a fundamental role in the students' formation as well as in the specialists' updating. In contrast to what happened in the sixteenth century, when medical students and professors from all over the Europe were used to come in Italy, today Italian surgeons have to go abroad to attend training courses, with inevitable economic costs and personal inconveniences. The reason for this circumstance lies in the existence of obsolete and even ethically unacceptable legal rules. The recent unanimous approval by the Italian Senate of the bill on postmortem body donation opens important perspectives.MATERALS AND METHODS: The authors, after having reviewed the main historical stages in anatomical dissection, examine the above mentioned recent bill n. 733 (XVIII Legislature) concerning the disposition of one's body and post-mortem tissues for the purposes of study, training and scientific research, taking into consideration also the international context.DISCUSSION: The bill aims to fill the serious legislative gap, not only o ering the possibility of satisfying the noble needs of human solidarity, but also giving to future doctors a contact with death capable of promoting human and ethical values such as the respect for life.CONCLUSIONS: The Italian legal system presents - right now - serious operational gaps which make body donation practically unapplied. While waiting for the bill to finally see light, it is necessary to engage in educational activities that can promote the culture of this gift" and, at the same time, that of respect for the body of the deceased person.