Reconstructive options in scalp surgery

Scalp is the anatomical area that provides coverage of the skull between the forehead and the neck. Scalp defects can be the result of a skin tumor resection or a trauma. repairing of such defects could be challenging due to the lack of skin laxity and the relative inelasticity of the scalp. The aim of this review was to aid the reconstructive surgeon in choosing the proper surgical option when approaching a scalp defect. The choice should be guided by the reconstructive ladder of Plastic Surgery: when possible, the surgeon always starts with the simplest and safest surgical procedure. In case of complicated defects, more invasive options can be adopted, such as local or microsurgical free flaps. This review provides a general overview of available options for scalp reconstruction and guidance in the preoperative plan. Surgeons must also be familiar with the anatomy of this region. relevant anatomy of the scalp will be highlighted to integrate technical details of surgical procedures with their anatomical aspects. Detailed description of surgical techniques for the experienced plastic/reconstructive surgeon goes beyond the scope of this review.