NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING FOR DIAGNOSIS IN MONOGENIC PEDIATRIC STROKE .. from NGS panel to Whole Exome Sequencing

Background and Purpose: Pediatric arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) may underlie an as yet undiagnosed syndrome often characterized by simple Mendelian inheritance. We aimed to establish and validate a targeted gene panel for AIS associated with monogenic disorders, and to determine its diagnostic yield and clinical utility. Methods: Clinical and neuro-radiological data were collected for every patient enrolled in the study. DNA samples were tested by means of a customized gene panel including 15 genes associated with known genetic diseases related with AIS. Results: Thirty-eight patients (23 males, mean age 6.5 years) were selected with heterogeneous AIS phenotypes, mostly multiple and asynchronous and secondary to vasculopathy. Ten out of 38 resulted to carry rare potentially causative mutations in at least one of the 15 genes analyzed. In 4 cases the analyses led to a definite genetic diagnosis while results were either controversial or null in the remaining patients. Conclusions: While the complexity of the different clinical phenotypes associated with AIS is not fully accounted for by the genes tested in the present study, the achieved diagnoses had a great beneficial impact on patient management. A wider gene panel or an unbiased genome wide approach would be better suited to explain a greater proportion of pediatric stroke events.