Architecture of Virtual Power Plant for Ancillary Services

The increased penetration of distributed energy resources opens up issues in power system as a whole. This creates markets opportunities for ancillary services; particularly TSO deals with the issues of congestion management, reserves, reactive power control etc. Literature suggests different techniques where TSO and DSO interact with each other, and in this way, DSO can offer flexibility to TSO in terms of provision of ancillary services. The paper discusses the issues that the current power system face due to the profound effects of new generating resources, and then examines in detail the way these issues are resolved in a conventional manner. Then, the paper discusses some literature proposals for the interaction between TSO-DSO for solving the issues in an efficient manner, and finally presents the architecture where a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) is developed to facilitate DSO with a platform for the provision of ancillary services.