Guida agli interventi di recupero dell’edilizia diffusa nel Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre

The Guidelines aim at giving concrete advice for maintenance, conservation and rehabilitation interventions, offering a wide overview on available traditional or innovative technical solutions, selecting those which can be applied within the territory of the Park. The guidelines also suggest a methodological approach to achieve effective outcomes in rehabilitation interventions, based on the preliminary knowledge of the building features of the edifices, their decay or stability problems, the possible threats and needs for adaptation. Finally, they are meant to be a tool, which sustains the legal provisions envisioned by the Plan of the Park, but should not be intended as a regulation. The aspiration of the guidelines is that their daily implementation by local administrators and professionals to real cases may transform them in a ‘living’ instrument which may even be modified on the base of its application and new acquired knowledge. A preliminary field survey allowed to identify the principal characters fo the buildings spread off in the countryside and the most recurrent problems of decay and structural deficiencies, on the base of which the following objectives of the guidelines have been identified: • improving the quality of maintenance processes and of repairing interventions and promoting a more effective safeguard of rural buildings; • raising awareness among local communities towards the values of the traditional built heritage; • providing adequate technical solution for the rehabilitation of rural structures and their adaptation to modern uses, without wasting their identity; • making explicit the criteria used by the bodies responsible for delivering building permits. Criteria and guiding principles for the selection of adequate techniques have been developed on the base of the ‘statements of significance’ issued both at national (Law n. 1497/1939) and international level (World Heritage designation). At the territorial scale, identified principles are: 1. respect for the panoramic views; 2. respect for the layout of the settlements and of their traditional character and features; 3. respect for the agricultural character of the landscape. At the building scale, criteria for intervention refer to the principle of minum intervention and to the respect of the character of the buildings, which imply: - respecting the building structural and morphological conception, layout and components, the existing substance, the materials traditionally used; - using traditional but also modern techniques and materials, compatible with the existing ones; - adding new parts, rather than modifying the existing ones, respecting their architectural identity. The guidelines are organised in technical sheets, grouped into sections, according to the technological components building (general structure, walls and masonry, roofs, floors, plasters and external surfaces, doors and windows, balconies, stairs, waterworks, electrical services,etc.). Each section comprises: - the description of the features of the building components, based on the data collected during the field survey which provides information on recurrent morphologies, used techniques and materials and dimensional data; - the description of the most frequent degradation and stability problems and of the current requested technical requirements; - specific guiding principles useful to carry on respectful works on the existing building components, based on the general ones described above; - Some visual examples of interventions which have been considered not compatible with the guiding principles, with short descriptions explaining the reasons for the negative judgement; - two different levels of compatibility with the guiding principles and the identified values: compatible and possible under controlled conditions, not compatible), each of which including a list of related interventions and techniques; - the description of the preliminary investigations necessary to identify the causes of deterioration problems and some advice for their elimination before any intervention be initiated; - an inventory of the possible technical solutions, from the less to the most invasive type (from cleaning/repair to replacement). For each technique, the description of its goals, the phases of implementation, the materials that can be used and general advice regarding the best way to carry on repair works are provided.