Artificial cavities and geo-risk assessment: the case of "The Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli" Unesco World Heritage site in Genoa (Italy)

Artificial cavities are increasingly studied by the scientific community and several researches were carried out in recent years concerning their importance as elements of cultural heritage but also associated geo-risks. This is a highly interdisciplinary line of research, requiring not only the combination of science and social science approaches, but also technical knowledge for surveying activities in the underground environment, made easier in recent years by technological development. The research becomes even more complex and articulated in urban areas, not only due to a greater concentration of artificial cavities, but also for the complex historical evolution of buildings and the stratification of urban phases. This research introduces a first census of artificial cavities in the historical centre of Genoa, with particular reference to the area recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2006. A preliminary database containing more than 150 artificial cavities referable to hydraulic underground works was developed, which includes hypogean civilian dwellings, religious work, military and war works, mines and transit. The overlay of underground development of man-made cavities and the built environment on the surface using GIS has highlighted numerous buildings of great historical-monumental value and connecting streets built on underground voids. This opens up many research perspectives, and it highlights the priority to complete the census and detailed survey of all artificial cavities in Genoa historical centre: in light of the effects of climate change, correct management of cultural heritage and landscape is crucial