Traitement de la migration et du migrant dans le discours du Rassemblement National et de la Ligue lors des élections européennes de 2019

This thesis aims at a comparative analysis of the anti-migrant political discourse of the (French) Rassemblement National and the (Italian) League. In particular, it focuses on the discourses conducted on Twitter, by the main members of these two parties, during the 2019 European elections. This period was characterized by the rapprochement of the two parties and by the many arrivals that led to a resurgence of the debate on migration throughout Europe. The objective is to study the anti-migrant discourses of both parties in order to highlight their differences and similarities, while taking into account the particularities of the discursive place. To achieve this, we posed the following questions: do the similarities depend on the canons of the populist discourse of the European right-wing parties or on the rapprochement of the two parties? Are the differences due to political choices, to linguistic specificities or to the historical-cultural context of each country? To this end, we have created a vast corpus of almost 50,000 tweets posted by the main members of both parties in a period ranging from one year before to one year after the 2019 European elections. To answer these fundamental questions, we used several methods: a lexicometric analysis (using corpus statistical processing software) to determine the semantic universes and the positions of the speakers involved; an enunciative analysis to identify the locutive behaviors of the actors and an argumentative analysis in order to highlight the logics and the reasoning that characterize these positions.