The vastness of the temporal development and functional articulation of hypogean architecture provides an opportunity to deal with specific aspects of perception and orientation. Underground constructions are disconnected from the need to characterize themselves through the shape of the envelope, but they are also deprived of external references, limiting the reconstruction of spaces solely to the interpretation of internal elements. This study, profiting from gains made in neuroscience and cognitive sciences, also draws on the functional and metaphorical expressions related to worship and defense. The development of the Etruscan tombs has been described as an imitation of buildings on the surface, even on an urban scale, in connection to the theme of death, as has been the evolution of the Christian crypts that document the articulation of devotional paths. The recurrence of the element of water is evoked by the description of a sanctuary dedicated to ancient pagan deities, as an example of an articulated network bearing resemblance to similar structures spread out all over the world. Medieval defensive constructions are also discussed through the example of the partially lost Krak des Chevaliers in Syria, as well as through their reflection in contemporary architecture, illustrated, here, by an example of an underground museum, the Museum of the Treasure of San Lorenzo in Genoa, whose configuration highlights the function of custody and exhibition of precious relics together with the indication of an internal orientation.
La vastità dello sviluppo temporale e dell’articolazione funzionale dell’architettura sotterranea fornisce un’occasione per trattare il tema della percezione e dell’orientamento concentrandosi su aspetti specifici. Le costruzioni sotterranee sono slegate dalla necessità di caratterizzarsi attraverso la forma dell’involucro, ma sono anche private dei riferimenti esterni, limitando la ricostruzione degli itinerari alla sola interpretazione degli elementi interni. Lo studio, fondato anche sulle acquisizioni delle neuroscienze e delle scienze cognitive, si intreccia con i significati funzionali e metaforici rappresentati da esempi legati alle funzioni del culto e della difesa. Per il forte legame con il tema della morte, si descrive lo sviluppo delle tombe etrusche ad imitazione delle costruzioni in superficie, anche a scala urbanistica, e l’evoluzione delle cripte cristiane che documenta l’articolarsi dei percorsi devozionali. La ricorrenza dell’elemento dell’acqua è evocata dalla descrizione di un santuario dedicato ad antiche divinità pagane, come esempio di un’articolata rete di strutture analoghe diffuse in tutto il mondo. Le costruzioni difensive medievali sono rappresentate dal parzialmente perduto esempio siriano del Krac dei cavalieri, ma anche dal loro riflesso nell’architettura contemporanea rappresentata da un esempio di museo ipogeo: il Museo del Tesoro di San Lorenzo a Genova, la cui configurazione evidenzia la funzione di custodia ed esposizione di beni preziosi insieme all’indicazione di un orientamento interno.
Spazialità e orientamento nelle architetture ipogee, tra configurazione e rappresentazione / Spatiality and Orientation in Hypogean Architectures: between configuration and representation
Candito Cristina
2022-01-01
Abstract
The vastness of the temporal development and functional articulation of hypogean architecture provides an opportunity to deal with specific aspects of perception and orientation. Underground constructions are disconnected from the need to characterize themselves through the shape of the envelope, but they are also deprived of external references, limiting the reconstruction of spaces solely to the interpretation of internal elements. This study, profiting from gains made in neuroscience and cognitive sciences, also draws on the functional and metaphorical expressions related to worship and defense. The development of the Etruscan tombs has been described as an imitation of buildings on the surface, even on an urban scale, in connection to the theme of death, as has been the evolution of the Christian crypts that document the articulation of devotional paths. The recurrence of the element of water is evoked by the description of a sanctuary dedicated to ancient pagan deities, as an example of an articulated network bearing resemblance to similar structures spread out all over the world. Medieval defensive constructions are also discussed through the example of the partially lost Krak des Chevaliers in Syria, as well as through their reflection in contemporary architecture, illustrated, here, by an example of an underground museum, the Museum of the Treasure of San Lorenzo in Genoa, whose configuration highlights the function of custody and exhibition of precious relics together with the indication of an internal orientation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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