Introduction Asthma is worldwide one of the most common chronic respiratory disease. It is estimated that a percentage of patients between 5 and 10% is affected by a severe form of asthma, often not fully controlled by inhaled therapy, but only to chronic or courses of systemic corticosteroid. Over the years, several biological drugs have been developed in order to reduce the use of systemic corticosteroids and their long-term adverse effects. One of these, mepolizumab, is active on cytokine IL-5, which is responsible for the maturation, development and production of eosinophils, for a long time studied as possible responsible of several form of this disease. Objective Firstly we would analyse the baseline characteristics of patients treated in real life and the one enrolled on mepolizumab's randomized clinical trials. Subsequently we went to evaluate the real-life effects of an anti IL-5 drug (mepolizumab) on efficacy of reduce asthma exacerbation, steroid intake and improve lung function. Secondarily has been also evaluate safety profile of mepoluzumab, its effect in the switch between one biological and another, the cost management of this type of therapy and the search for possible predictive response markers. Materials Several multicentre retrospective studies have been carried out in order to obtain the data needed to develop the analyses required for the objectives set. Results The drug has proven to be as effective in clinical trials as it is in real life, but with some differences especially in the type of patient being treated in reality compared to clinical trials one. The safety profile has also proven to be very safe. An analysis of the cost of the drug has shown that the introduction of mepolizumab in therapy can have an impact on the increase in expenditure in the first year, an expenditure that is reduced prospectively with a progressive reduction in the incidence of adverse events from chronic corticosteroid therapy. Conclusion In conclusion, mepolizumab appeared to be a promising drug in the control of severe asthma in patients treated in real life, despite some baseline differences between subjects enrolled in clinical trials. The safety profile also remained promising in those who had to replace another biological with mepolizumab. The pharmaco-economic aspect was particularly interesting, in fact, despite the fact that mepolizumab increases expenditure per patient, in just one year, not counting the possible long-term savings effects, the drug proved to be able to finance itself for about 25% of total expenditure.
Introduzione L'asma è una delle malattie respiratorie croniche tra le più comuni in tutto il mondo. Si stima che una percentuale di pazienti tra i 5 e i 10% sia affetta da una forma di asma grave, spesso non completamente controllata dalla terapia inalatoria, ma solo da una aggiunta cronica o da al bisogno di corticosteroidi sistemici. Nel corso degli anni sono stati sviluppati diversi farmaci biologici per ridurre l'uso di corticosteroidi sistemici e i loro effetti avversi a lungo termine. Uno di questi, il mepolizumab, è attivo sulla citochina IL-5, che è responsabile della maturazione, dello sviluppo e della produzione di eosinofili, a lungo studiati ed individuati come possibili responsabili di diverse forme di questa malattia. Obiettivo In primo luogo abbiamo voluto analizzare le caratteristiche di base dei pazienti trattati nella vita reale e di quelli arruolati in studi clinici randomizzati di mepolizumab, al fine di verificare la possibile presenza di differenze. Successivamente siamo andati a valutare gli effetti reali di un farmaco anti IL-5 (mepolizumab) sull'efficacia nel ridurre l'esacerbazione dell'asma, l'assunzione di steroidi e migliorare la funzione polmonare. In secondo luogo è stato anche valutato il profilo di sicurezza del mepoluzumab, i possibili effetti collaterali legati al passaggio ad esso partendo da altri farmaci biologici, la gestione dei costi di questo tipo di terapia e la ricerca di possibili marcatori di risposta predittivi. Materiali Sono stati effettuati diversi studi retrospettivi multicentrici al fine di ottenere i dati necessari per sviluppare le analisi necessarie per gli obiettivi prefissati. Risultati Il farmaco si è dimostrato efficace negli studi clinici come nella vita reale, ma con alcune differenze soprattutto nel tipo di paziente che viene trattato nella realtà rispetto a quello degli studi clinici. Anche il profilo di sicurezza si è dimostrato molto promettente. Un'analisi del costo del farmaco ha dimostrato che l'introduzione del mepolizumab nella terapia sebbene abbia un peso nel computo totale della spesa di ogni paziente trattato con questo farmaco, la spesa stessa può ridursi prospetticamente con una progressiva diminuzione dell'incidenza di eventi avversi da terapia corticosteroide cronica. Conclusioni In conclusione, il mepolizumab è apparso un farmaco promettente nel controllo dell'asma grave nei pazienti trattati nella vita reale, nonostante alcune differenze di base tra i soggetti arruolati negli studi clinici. Il profilo di sicurezza è rimasto promettente anche in coloro che hanno dovuto sostituire un altro biologico con mepolizumab. L'aspetto farmaco-economico è stato particolarmente interessante, infatti, nonostante il mepolizumab aumenti la spesa per paziente, in un solo anno, senza contare i possibili effetti di risparmio a lungo termine, il farmaco si è dimostrato in grado di autofinanziarsi per circa il 25% della spesa totale.
Mepolizumab in severe asthma: evidence in real-life
BAGNASCO, DIEGO
2020-05-27
Abstract
Introduction Asthma is worldwide one of the most common chronic respiratory disease. It is estimated that a percentage of patients between 5 and 10% is affected by a severe form of asthma, often not fully controlled by inhaled therapy, but only to chronic or courses of systemic corticosteroid. Over the years, several biological drugs have been developed in order to reduce the use of systemic corticosteroids and their long-term adverse effects. One of these, mepolizumab, is active on cytokine IL-5, which is responsible for the maturation, development and production of eosinophils, for a long time studied as possible responsible of several form of this disease. Objective Firstly we would analyse the baseline characteristics of patients treated in real life and the one enrolled on mepolizumab's randomized clinical trials. Subsequently we went to evaluate the real-life effects of an anti IL-5 drug (mepolizumab) on efficacy of reduce asthma exacerbation, steroid intake and improve lung function. Secondarily has been also evaluate safety profile of mepoluzumab, its effect in the switch between one biological and another, the cost management of this type of therapy and the search for possible predictive response markers. Materials Several multicentre retrospective studies have been carried out in order to obtain the data needed to develop the analyses required for the objectives set. Results The drug has proven to be as effective in clinical trials as it is in real life, but with some differences especially in the type of patient being treated in reality compared to clinical trials one. The safety profile has also proven to be very safe. An analysis of the cost of the drug has shown that the introduction of mepolizumab in therapy can have an impact on the increase in expenditure in the first year, an expenditure that is reduced prospectively with a progressive reduction in the incidence of adverse events from chronic corticosteroid therapy. Conclusion In conclusion, mepolizumab appeared to be a promising drug in the control of severe asthma in patients treated in real life, despite some baseline differences between subjects enrolled in clinical trials. The safety profile also remained promising in those who had to replace another biological with mepolizumab. The pharmaco-economic aspect was particularly interesting, in fact, despite the fact that mepolizumab increases expenditure per patient, in just one year, not counting the possible long-term savings effects, the drug proved to be able to finance itself for about 25% of total expenditure.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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