Background: Abutment connection should be considered as a surgical “sterile” procedure, since the abutment could get in contact with bone and connective tissue. However, evidence on the effect of technical steps and cleaning procedures on abutment surface characteristics are lacking in dental-related Literature. Aim: This study was aimed to assess pollutions and microbiologic contaminants on the abutment surface close to implant-abutment junction (IAJ) and connection, after common technical protocols and different cleaning procedures. Material and methods: 20 commercially available grade 5 Titanium implant/abutments were milled (Control Group1, CG1), polished (Control Group2, CG2) and cleaned by steam (Control Group3, CG3). Abutments were then divided in two groups of 10: one group was subjected to ultrasonic cleansing (Test Group1, TG1), the other underwent plasma of Argon treatment (Test Group2, TG2). For all control and test specimens, SEM analysis and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) microanalysis were performed in order to count and chemically characterize pollution micro-particles, both on the abutment surface and implant-abutment connection. Additionally specific DNA probes were designed to detect Staphilococcus Aureos and Epidermidis. DNA was extracted from all control and test samples and amplified by Q-PCR methods. Positive controls were used to check experimental results. For all groups, mean values and SD of micro-particles were calculated. Comparisons were performed by paired samples t-Test. The level of statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. Results: On the abutment surface close to AIJ, SEM analysis revealed on average 115.9 (±32.27), 162 (±21.17) and 32.5 (±9.73) micro-particles, respectively in CG1, CG2 and CG3. In TG1 and TG2, number of micro-particles was on average respectively 1.09 (±0.51), and 1.14 (±0.52) On the connection, SEM analysis showed a mean value of 61.9 (±9.07), 39 (±12.35), 42.1 (±8.59) spots respectively in CG1, CG2 and CG3. In TG1 and TG2, micro-particles were on average respectively 1.13 (±0.48) and 1.34 (±0.71). Statistical comparisons between means of control and test groups were significant for all levels. On the contrary, difference between test groups was not significant. EDAX microanalysis identified all micro-particles as residual of lubricant mixed with Titanium and traces of other metals. Microbiological analysis detected no Staphilococcus Epidermidis, whereas conflicting results were obtained as regard Staphilococcus Aureos. Conclusions and clinical implications: After technical procedures, presence of contaminants and bacteria on the abutment was confirmed. To prevent that such debris could interfere with biological stability of peri-implant tissues, ultrasonic and plasma of Argon cleaning protocols can be advantageously adopted.
Cleaning procedures on customized abutments: microscopical, microbiological and chemical analysis
Canullo L;
2012-01-01
Abstract
Background: Abutment connection should be considered as a surgical “sterile” procedure, since the abutment could get in contact with bone and connective tissue. However, evidence on the effect of technical steps and cleaning procedures on abutment surface characteristics are lacking in dental-related Literature. Aim: This study was aimed to assess pollutions and microbiologic contaminants on the abutment surface close to implant-abutment junction (IAJ) and connection, after common technical protocols and different cleaning procedures. Material and methods: 20 commercially available grade 5 Titanium implant/abutments were milled (Control Group1, CG1), polished (Control Group2, CG2) and cleaned by steam (Control Group3, CG3). Abutments were then divided in two groups of 10: one group was subjected to ultrasonic cleansing (Test Group1, TG1), the other underwent plasma of Argon treatment (Test Group2, TG2). For all control and test specimens, SEM analysis and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) microanalysis were performed in order to count and chemically characterize pollution micro-particles, both on the abutment surface and implant-abutment connection. Additionally specific DNA probes were designed to detect Staphilococcus Aureos and Epidermidis. DNA was extracted from all control and test samples and amplified by Q-PCR methods. Positive controls were used to check experimental results. For all groups, mean values and SD of micro-particles were calculated. Comparisons were performed by paired samples t-Test. The level of statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. Results: On the abutment surface close to AIJ, SEM analysis revealed on average 115.9 (±32.27), 162 (±21.17) and 32.5 (±9.73) micro-particles, respectively in CG1, CG2 and CG3. In TG1 and TG2, number of micro-particles was on average respectively 1.09 (±0.51), and 1.14 (±0.52) On the connection, SEM analysis showed a mean value of 61.9 (±9.07), 39 (±12.35), 42.1 (±8.59) spots respectively in CG1, CG2 and CG3. In TG1 and TG2, micro-particles were on average respectively 1.13 (±0.48) and 1.34 (±0.71). Statistical comparisons between means of control and test groups were significant for all levels. On the contrary, difference between test groups was not significant. EDAX microanalysis identified all micro-particles as residual of lubricant mixed with Titanium and traces of other metals. Microbiological analysis detected no Staphilococcus Epidermidis, whereas conflicting results were obtained as regard Staphilococcus Aureos. Conclusions and clinical implications: After technical procedures, presence of contaminants and bacteria on the abutment was confirmed. To prevent that such debris could interfere with biological stability of peri-implant tissues, ultrasonic and plasma of Argon cleaning protocols can be advantageously adopted.
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