Vertical Greening Systems: Classifications, Plant Species, Substrates

Different types of vertical greening systems (VGS) can be identified; these have different aesthetic and functional performances. Green facades, i.e., the extensive VGS, are based on climbing plants growing in the ground or in planter boxes. We can distinguish two large groups of living wall systems, i.e., the intensive VGS: cloth (or felt) and panels, made of galvanized steel, polyethylene, and recycled plastic. These systems are based on hydroponic culture or have substrates which allow planting shrubs, herbaceous, climbing plants, etc. This chapter also considers the correct selection of plant species, which, especially in the case of living walls, is very important for the design of successful installations.