We consider the Dirac equations in polar form proving that they can equivalently be re-configured into a system of equations consisting of derivatives of the velocity density plus the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, giving the momentum in terms of relativistic quantum potentials (i.e. displaying first-order derivatives of the two degrees of freedom of the spinor field): this system is said to have Madelung structure. Conservation laws, second-order equations and multi-valuedness are also discussed.
Madelung structure of the Dirac equation
Fabbri, Luca
2025-01-01
Abstract
We consider the Dirac equations in polar form proving that they can equivalently be re-configured into a system of equations consisting of derivatives of the velocity density plus the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, giving the momentum in terms of relativistic quantum potentials (i.e. displaying first-order derivatives of the two degrees of freedom of the spinor field): this system is said to have Madelung structure. Conservation laws, second-order equations and multi-valuedness are also discussed.
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