Electric mobility is one of the key components of the smart mobility transition that most of the cities worldwide are living nowadays. Besides the electrification of private cars, a great contribution in this direction is given by public transport, since a growing number of electric buses is appearing in most of the cities. At the same time, another important innovation is completely changing the mobility concept, that is, the technology allowing increasing levels of automation on board of vehicles. The mobility of public transport of the future smart cities will be then represented by fleets of electric automated vehicles. In order to correctly plan and control such vehicles, it is necessary, first of all, to develop appropriate models able to represent the dynamic behavior of buses when interacting with other vehicles on the road and able to estimate their energy consumption when traveling in the city roads. On the basis of such models, proper control algorithms can be designed in order to regulate the behavior of buses which have to follow a specific route and respect a fixed timetable. In this chapter, we provide an overview on electric buses, by highlighting the main modeling and control challenges, and by providing some possible traffic and consumption models, as well as some traffic control algorithms for optimizing bus speeds, dwell and charging times.
Models and Control Algorithms for Electric Automated Buses in Smart Cities
Siri S.;Bracco S.;Pasquale C.;Sacone S.
2024-01-01
Abstract
Electric mobility is one of the key components of the smart mobility transition that most of the cities worldwide are living nowadays. Besides the electrification of private cars, a great contribution in this direction is given by public transport, since a growing number of electric buses is appearing in most of the cities. At the same time, another important innovation is completely changing the mobility concept, that is, the technology allowing increasing levels of automation on board of vehicles. The mobility of public transport of the future smart cities will be then represented by fleets of electric automated vehicles. In order to correctly plan and control such vehicles, it is necessary, first of all, to develop appropriate models able to represent the dynamic behavior of buses when interacting with other vehicles on the road and able to estimate their energy consumption when traveling in the city roads. On the basis of such models, proper control algorithms can be designed in order to regulate the behavior of buses which have to follow a specific route and respect a fixed timetable. In this chapter, we provide an overview on electric buses, by highlighting the main modeling and control challenges, and by providing some possible traffic and consumption models, as well as some traffic control algorithms for optimizing bus speeds, dwell and charging times.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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