Optimising vertical greening systems for sustainability: an integrated design approach

Various studies have confirmed the implications of Vertical GreeningSystem (VGS) as a nature-based solution to climate change mitigation.Even though VGSs are well established in operational terms, the designframework is still poor at managing social, economic, and environmentalperformance. This study through comprehensive review of studies andinterview in related companies aims to improve the design process ofVGS to standardise built operations, with the goal of increasingsustainability and efficiency. This study reviewed the VGS design processacross various countries, addressed the main gaps, and proposed aVertical Greening Integrated System (VGIS) approach. The main gapsidentified are a lack of a specific goal for VGS design, an overlooked pre-design phase to consider all socio-economic and environmental factors,and a monitoring phase to control VGS performance. The non-academicsector, such as VGS producers, overlooks the crucial role of users andtheir enhancement of awareness