La Restauracion como parte de la conservacion sostenibile. Caso de estudio una vivienda tradicional en Santa Cruz de la Sierra: Casona Morena

The building, called Casona Morena, is located in the historic center of the Bolivian city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, at the intersection of the René Moreno and Ñuflo de Chávez streets; it is a "casona", a traditional construction from the colonial period.The building is on one floor, consists of two non-communicating bodies, which both have an internal patio. Externally it has two blind sides (east and south) as they border on neighboring lots, the north and west sides face the street and have a continuous porch composed of brick columns with Doric capitals. The original walls of the colonial era are in adobe, while those of recent construction are in bricks, the internal patios still have the original wooden columns and the main roof is in tiles.The conservative state of the building is very bad due to the state of abandonment.The construction techniques used are typical of the city: in chuchió (for the ceiling), the tabique (inside the walls) and the tejas musleras (particular tiles used in the roof).In November 2013 the newspaper "El Deber" wrote that the town hall was negotiating the expropriation of the building.In 2016, this building was granted the certification of the Historic Urban Heritage with a typological value (number 03/2016); the typological value is representative of the type of traditional cruzegna house. In September 2017 the municipality filed a criminal complaint against the owner because of the poor condition of the building; according to the Bolivian Cultural Heritage Law n. 530 chapter II, the owners must preserve, protect and avoid the abandonment and destruction of property of public interest and must preserve the heritage. In March 2018 a technical report about the current situation of the building was made by architect Shirley Alicia Céspedes James, ( at that time Director of the Center and Historical Heritage was architect Jery Dino Mendez). In July 2018 the case was handed over to the planning office in Santa Cruz (the new manager is Emiliano Cronenbold). In the same year, a detailed study of the building for the restoration was started; the present contribution is about this study.The research carried out by the Department DAD, University of Genoa (Italy) in collaboration with the Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Bolivia), has had the purpose of combining the needs of conservation and respect for historical traces with those of a sustainable intervention also from an economic and social point of view. Strategies for knowledge and planning of interventions were developed.The focal point of it is undoubtedly the highlighting of the cultural and traditional value of the building under study and everything that goes with it, from the materials used, mainly earth and vegetable elements, up to the construction techniques used typical of Bolivia, among which the chuchió ester (for the ceiling), the tabique (inside the walls) and the tejas musleras (particular tiles used in the roof).The purpose of the research was the acquisition of more in-depth knowledge of the building in all its details, from the geometric aspect to the material one. The stratigraphy and degradation to which it was subjected have also been studied.From the studies carried out it has been possible to plan the punctual conservative interventions, aimed at the problems highlighted in the map of degradation and enhancement with a preliminary project, attributing to the construction new destinations of use.The enhancement project was designed to expand and preserve the knowledge of the construction techniques of the colonial era in Santa Cruz de la Sierra.